Which compromise established the structure of Congress as it is today?

The Great Compromise, also known as the Connecticut Compromise, was pivotal in shaping the structure of Congress as we know it today. It was reached during the Constitutional Convention of 1787. The compromise addressed the contentious issue of how states should be represented in the legislative branch.

Under this agreement, Congress was established as a bicameral legislature, consisting of two houses: the House of Representatives and the Senate. The House of Representatives is based on population, allowing for representation that reflects the number of people in each state. Meanwhile, the Senate provides equal representation, with each state receiving two senators regardless of size or population. This structure balanced the interests of both populous and less populous states, allowing for a fair system of representation.

The other options provided are unrelated to the current structure of Congress. The Three-Fifths Compromise dealt with how slaves would be counted for purposes of taxation and representation but did not directly influence the legislative structure. The Compromise of 1850 addressed issues surrounding slavery and territorial expansion rather than the establishment of the legislative framework. Thus, while the Great Compromise may also be referred to as the Connecticut Compromise, it is specifically recognized as the foundational agreement that established the current structure of Congress.